Energy saving from tap water home treatment devices
Електронний науковий архів Науково-технічної бібліотеки Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"
Переглянути архів Інформація| Поле | Співвідношення | |
| Title |
Energy saving from tap water home treatment devices
Економія енергії завдяки побутовим пристроям очищення водопровідної води |
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| Creator |
Канале, Лаура
Кортелесса, Джіно Фікко, Джорджіо Руссі, Альдо Зена, Фабріціо Canale, Laura Cortellessa, Gino Ficco, Giorgio Russi, Aldo Zuena, Fabrizio |
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| Contributor |
Університет м. Кассіно та Південного Лаціо
University of Cassino and Southern Lazio |
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| Subject |
водопровідна вода
пляшкова вода економія енергії очищення води tap water bottled water energy saving water treatment |
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| Description |
Вода – єдина рідина, що використовується в їжі людини, яка представляє різні процеси виробництва та транспортування. Усі харчові рідини фактично потребують процесів виробництва та очищення в контрольованих середовищах, а також транспортування перевізниками. А воду, крім того, що процес її виробництва простіший, можна постачати як розподільними мережами, так і шляхом транспортування перевізниками. В останні роки споживання пляшкової води значно зросло не тільки для потреб здоров’я, але й для інших потреб. На практиці, лише в деяких випадках воду в пляшках використовують для реальної потреби в особливих умовах, а все більше її використовують через погану якість водопровідної води. Недавні дослідження показали, що споживання енергії, пов’язаної з пляшковою водою, може бути в 2000 разів більшим, ніж споживання енергії, пов’язане з водопровідною водою. Споживання енергії для пляшкової води головним чином зумовлене виробництвом пластикових пляшок, процесом розливу та транспортуванням / дистрибуцією. У цій праці, уникаючи порівняння між пляшковою та водопровідною водою щодо хіміко- фізичних, мікробіологічних та смакових характеристик, автори подають результати експериментального дослідження, спрямованого на вимірювання енергоспоживання пристроїв побутового очищення водопровідної води. Крім цього, зосереджено увагу на можливих способах економії енергії під час використання очищеної води з-під крана. Water is the only liquid used in human eating which presents different production and transportation processes. All the alimentary liquids, in fact, need production and sanification processes in controlled environments and transportation on carriers. On the other hand, besides more simple production processes, water can rely both on distribution networks and transportation on carriers. In the last years, bottled water consumption greatly increased not only for healthy needs but also for non-essential ones. In fact, only in few cases bottled water is used for a real need of specific characteristics and more and more its use is due to the perceived poor quality of tap water. Recent studies demonstrated that energy consumption related to bottled water can be up to 2000 times bigger than the ones related to tap water. In fact, energy consumptions for bottled waters come out mainly from the production of PET bottles, from the bottling process and, finally, from transport/distribution. In this paper, avoiding a comparison between bottled and tap water about the chemical-physical, microbiological and gustative characteristics, the authors present the results of an experimental study aimed to measure energy consumption of tap water domestic treatment devices. Moreover, the potential energy savings coming from the use of treated tap water are focused. |
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| Date |
2019-02-08T12:34:12Z
2019-02-08T12:34:12Z 2018-03-29 2018-03-29 |
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| Type |
Article
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| Identifier |
Energy saving from tap water home treatment devices / Laura Canale, Gino Cortellessa, Giorgio Ficco, Aldo Russi, Fabrizio Zuena // Energy Engineering and Control Systems. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018. — Vol 4. — No 1. — P. 17–26.
http://ena.lp.edu.ua:8080/handle/ntb/44102 Energy saving from tap water home treatment devices / Laura Canale, Gino Cortellessa, Giorgio Ficco, Aldo Russi, Fabrizio Zuena // Energy Engineering and Control Systems. — Lviv : Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018. — Vol 4. — No 1. — P. 17–26. |
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| Language |
en
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| Relation |
Energy Engineering and Control Systems, 1 (4), 2018
http://water.columbia.edu/?id= http://www.beverfood.com/v2/ http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C03/E2-20A-03-09.pdf [1] R. Cidu et al., Drinking water quality: Comparing inorganic components in bottled water and Italian tap water, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol. 24, pp. 184-193, 2011. [2] E. Dinelli et al., Comparative study between bottled mineral and tap water in Italy, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 112, pp. 368–389, 2012. [3] M. E. Zamberlan da Silva et al., Comparison of the bacteriological quality of tap water and bottled mineral water, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, vol. 211, 504–509, 2008. [4] M. Birke et al., Major and trace elements in German bottled water, their regional distribution, and accordance with national and international standards, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 107, pp. 245–271, 2010. [5] Columbia Water Center, Bottled Water, 2011. Retrieved 8/1/2011 from: http://water.columbia.edu/?id= learn_more&navid=bottled_water [6] Beverage Marketing Corporation, The Global Bottled Water Market, 2007. [7] ISTAT – Family and Society Sector. Daily life in 2007 – Annual multi-purpose family survey, 2007. (in Italian) [8] Annuario Beverfood 2011–12, 2012. Retrieved 23/12/2011 from: http://www.beverfood.com/v2/ xt_conteudo+index.id+1+Annuario+Acque+Minerali+Bibite+Succhi+Bev-Italia.htm, 2011. [9] Y. Parag and T. Opher, Bottled Drinking Water, Water And Health, ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), 2011. Retrieved from: http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C03/E2-20A-03-09.pdf [10] C.Antonaci, The bottled water market in Italy. Ethics and economy, 2009. (in Italian) [11] J. Gelt, Consumers Increasingly Use Bottled Water, Home Water Treatment Systems to Avoid Direct Tap Water, Arroyo, Volume 9 (1),1996. [12] D. M.443/1990 - Technical provisions regulation for domestic water treatment equipments, 1990. (in Italian) [13] P. H. Gleick and H. S. Cooley, “Energy implications of bottled water”. Environ. Res. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 1–6, 2009. [14] G.Temporelli, The environmental impact of PET packaging: the case of bottled water. In proceedings of the international congress "Clean and quality water for the populations”, Genoa, 2010 march 22th. (in Italian) [15] Sean Griffin, The toxic footprint of PET-bottled water in British Columbia, Toxic Free Canada, pp. 1–22, 2009. [16] F. Freire, S. Thore, P. Ferrao, Life cycle activity analysis: logistics and environmental policies for bottled water in Portugal”, OR Spektrum Springer-Verlag, 23: 159–182, 2001. [17] Seçil Kirsen Dogan, Life Cycle Assessment of Pet Bottle; Ph.D Thesis Dokuz Eylul University, September 2008 [18] Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Grade, Eco-profiles and Environmental Product Declarations of the European Plastics Manufacturers, PlasticsEurope, May 2011. [19] PET Injection Stretch Blow Moulding, Report by TNO for Plastics Europe, February 2010. [20] European Comission DG VII, Towards Fair and Efficient Pricing in Transport: Policy Options For Internalising the External Costs of Transport in the European Union, Brussels 1998. [21] Centro Studi Confetra, “Greenhouse Effect – CO2 Emissions – Goods Transport”, Book n.109, pp.1–92, November 1998. (in Italian) [22] European Comission, Green Paper, Brussels 2000. [23] International Energy Agency, Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency, OECD/IEA Paris 2008 [24] F. L. Burton,. Water and Wastewater Industries: Characteristics and Energy Management Opportunities, (Burton Engineering) Los Altos, CA, Report CR-106941, Electric Power Research Institute Report, pp. 3–1, 1996 [25] R. C. Wilkinson,. Analysis of the Energy Intensity of Water Supplies for West Basin Municipal Water District, 2007 [26] J. A. Barry, Energy andWater Efficiency in Municipal Water – Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Watenergy, 2007. [27] G.Bortone, E.Cimatti, M.Di Marcello, T.Draghetti. The Water Protection Plan and Energy Saving. Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2010 (in Italian) [28] Santa Clara Valley Water District, Climate Change rensponse trought saving water, saving energy and reducing air pollution, Santa Clara, pp.1-44, 2007. [29] Weiwei Mo, Qiong Zhang, James R. Mihelcic, David R. Hokanson, Embodied energy comparison of surface water and groundwater supply options, Water Research 45 pp. 5577–5586, 2011. [1] R. Cidu et al., Drinking water quality: Comparing inorganic components in bottled water and Italian tap water, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol. 24, pp. 184-193, 2011. [2] E. Dinelli et al., Comparative study between bottled mineral and tap water in Italy, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 112, pp. 368–389, 2012. [3] M. E. Zamberlan da Silva et al., Comparison of the bacteriological quality of tap water and bottled mineral water, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, vol. 211, 504–509, 2008. [4] M. Birke et al., Major and trace elements in German bottled water, their regional distribution, and accordance with national and international standards, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 107, pp. 245–271, 2010. [5] Columbia Water Center, Bottled Water, 2011. Retrieved 8/1/2011 from: http://water.columbia.edu/?id= learn_more&navid=bottled_water [6] Beverage Marketing Corporation, The Global Bottled Water Market, 2007. [7] ISTAT – Family and Society Sector. Daily life in 2007 – Annual multi-purpose family survey, 2007. (in Italian) [8] Annuario Beverfood 2011–12, 2012. Retrieved 23/12/2011 from: http://www.beverfood.com/v2/ xt_conteudo+index.id+1+Annuario+Acque+Minerali+Bibite+Succhi+Bev-Italia.htm, 2011. [9] Y. Parag and T. Opher, Bottled Drinking Water, Water And Health, ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), 2011. Retrieved from: http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/P.03/E2-20A-03-09.pdf [10] C.Antonaci, The bottled water market in Italy. Ethics and economy, 2009. (in Italian) [11] J. Gelt, Consumers Increasingly Use Bottled Water, Home Water Treatment Systems to Avoid Direct Tap Water, Arroyo, Volume 9 (1),1996. [12] D. M.443/1990 - Technical provisions regulation for domestic water treatment equipments, 1990. (in Italian) [13] P. H. Gleick and H. S. Cooley, "Energy implications of bottled water". Environ. Res. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 1–6, 2009. [14] G.Temporelli, The environmental impact of PET packaging: the case of bottled water. In proceedings of the international congress "Clean and quality water for the populations", Genoa, 2010 march 22th. (in Italian) [15] Sean Griffin, The toxic footprint of PET-bottled water in British Columbia, Toxic Free Canada, pp. 1–22, 2009. [16] F. Freire, S. Thore, P. Ferrao, Life cycle activity analysis: logistics and environmental policies for bottled water in Portugal", OR Spektrum Springer-Verlag, 23: 159–182, 2001. [17] Seçil Kirsen Dogan, Life Cycle Assessment of Pet Bottle; Ph.D Thesis Dokuz Eylul University, September 2008 [18] Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Grade, Eco-profiles and Environmental Product Declarations of the European Plastics Manufacturers, PlasticsEurope, May 2011. [19] PET Injection Stretch Blow Moulding, Report by TNO for Plastics Europe, February 2010. [20] European Comission DG VII, Towards Fair and Efficient Pricing in Transport: Policy Options For Internalising the External Costs of Transport in the European Union, Brussels 1998. [21] Centro Studi Confetra, "Greenhouse Effect – CO2 Emissions – Goods Transport", Book n.109, pp.1–92, November 1998. (in Italian) [22] European Comission, Green Paper, Brussels 2000. [23] International Energy Agency, Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency, OECD/IEA Paris 2008 [24] F. L. Burton,. Water and Wastewater Industries: Characteristics and Energy Management Opportunities, (Burton Engineering) Los Altos, CA, Report CR-106941, Electric Power Research Institute Report, pp. 3–1, 1996 [25] R. C. Wilkinson,. Analysis of the Energy Intensity of Water Supplies for West Basin Municipal Water District, 2007 [26] J. A. Barry, Energy andWater Efficiency in Municipal Water – Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Watenergy, 2007. [27] G.Bortone, E.Cimatti, M.Di Marcello, T.Draghetti. The Water Protection Plan and Energy Saving. Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2010 (in Italian) [28] Santa Clara Valley Water District, Climate Change rensponse trought saving water, saving energy and reducing air pollution, Santa Clara, pp.1-44, 2007. [29] Weiwei Mo, Qiong Zhang, James R. Mihelcic, David R. Hokanson, Embodied energy comparison of surface water and groundwater supply options, Water Research 45 pp. 5577–5586, 2011. |
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| Rights |
© Національний університет „Львівська політехніка“, 2018
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Lviv Polytechnic National University |
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17-26
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Lviv
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| Publisher |
Lviv Politechnic Publishing House
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